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Write compact math labels
Use nested scripts and common symbols without shipping a TeX runtime.
01 / Scripts
Use subscripts and superscripts
Use _x or ^2 for one shifted character. Use braces for a group: V_{out}, f^{2n}, or A_{x_{sub}}.
Scripts can nest. Each group has its own scale and baseline, and the next piece of text returns to the correct parent baseline.
02 / Symbols
Use the built-in commands or raw Unicode
Common commands include \alpha, \beta, \Delta, \lambda, \mu, \Omega, \omega, \phi, \pi, \sigma, \theta, \cdot, \times, \pm, \le, \ge, \neq, \infty, \sqrt, and \rightarrow. Raw Unicode works too.
Escape a literal backslash, brace, underscore, or caret with \\, \{, \}, \_, or \^. Unknown command names stay visible instead of becoming SVG markup. Labels are escaped before they reach the document.
Text width is estimated without loading a font. Wide Unicode receives a conservative allowance, but exact glyph metrics still depend on the font chosen by the browser.